The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, marked the beginning of the Indian freedom struggle. Although the rebellion was suppressed, it laid the groundwork for future movements. The Indian National Congress (INC) was established in 1885, with the aim of promoting Indian rights and interests.
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The partition of Bengal in 1905 sparked widespread protests, marking the beginning of the extremist phase. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal advocated for Swaraj (self-rule) and employed more radical tactics, including boycotts and civil disobedience. The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as